2024-01-01 · transplant, urology, surgery
Kidney Transplant Surgery FAQ
What Is a Kidney Transplant?
A kidney transplant is a procedure to place a healthy donor kidney into someone whose kidneys are no longer working adequately. The transplanted kidney takes over filtering blood and producing urine. It can come from a living or deceased donor.
Why Might Someone Need a Kidney Transplant?
Kidney transplantation is considered for end-stage kidney disease, often caused by:
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Glomerulonephritis
- Chronic kidney infections
Transplant evaluation includes medical testing and assessment of overall health.
What Symptoms Suggest Kidney Failure?
Symptoms of advanced kidney disease may include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling in the legs or face
- Nausea or loss of appetite
- Changes in urination
- Itching or muscle cramps
Dialysis may be used while awaiting transplantation.
About the Kidney Transplant Procedure
Kidney transplant surgery is performed under general anesthesia and usually takes three to four hours. The donor kidney is placed in the lower abdomen and connected to nearby blood vessels and the bladder. The patient’s own kidneys are usually left in place unless there is a specific reason to remove them.
What Happens After Kidney Transplant Surgery?
Patients typically stay in the hospital for several days. Immunosuppressive medications are started right away to prevent rejection. Kidney function is monitored closely with lab tests, and follow-up visits are frequent during the first months.
How Long Does Recovery Take?
Recovery varies but commonly includes:
- Light activity within two to four weeks
- Gradual return to work in six to eight weeks
- Long-term medication adherence and routine monitoring
Healthy lifestyle changes help protect the new kidney.
What Are the Potential Risks?
Possible complications include:
- Organ rejection
- Infection due to immunosuppression
- Blood clots or bleeding
- Ureter or bladder complications
- Side effects from anti-rejection medications
The transplant team explains how these risks are managed.
When Should I Seek Medical Attention?
Seek prompt care for fever, decreased urine output, swelling, pain over the transplant site, or sudden weight gain. These can indicate rejection or infection.