2024-01-01 · endocrine, neck, thyroid
Thyroidectomy Surgery FAQ
What Is a Thyroidectomy?
A thyroidectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that regulates metabolism and hormone balance. It is commonly performed to treat thyroid cancer, large goiters, or overactive thyroid disease that does not respond to medication.
Why Might a Thyroidectomy Be Needed?
Common reasons for thyroid removal include:
- Thyroid cancer or suspicious nodules
- Large goiter causing swallowing or breathing problems
- Hyperthyroidism that is not controlled with medication
- Recurrent thyroid cysts or nodules
What Are Symptoms of Thyroid Disease?
Symptoms vary based on thyroid function, but may include:
- A visible neck lump or swelling
- Difficulty swallowing or a sensation of pressure in the neck
- Unexplained weight changes
- Fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance
- Hoarseness or voice changes
An evaluation with imaging and lab tests helps determine the best treatment.
About the Thyroidectomy Procedure
Thyroidectomy is performed under general anesthesia and typically lasts one to two hours. The surgeon makes an incision in the lower neck, removes part or all of the thyroid gland, and preserves nearby structures such as the vocal cord nerves and parathyroid glands. Some cases may use minimally invasive techniques depending on the size and location of the thyroid disease.
What Happens After Thyroid Surgery?
Most patients stay in the hospital overnight for observation. Mild neck soreness and hoarseness are common initially. If the entire thyroid is removed, lifelong thyroid hormone replacement is needed to maintain normal metabolism.
How Long Does Recovery Take?
Recovery timelines are generally:
- Light activity within a few days
- Return to work in one to two weeks
- Full recovery over several weeks as swelling resolves
Your surgeon will provide guidance on incision care and medication management.
What Are the Potential Complications?
Potential risks include:
- Bleeding or infection
- Temporary or permanent hoarseness
- Low calcium levels from parathyroid irritation
- Scar formation or neck stiffness
These complications are uncommon and often treatable when identified early.
Can I Resume Normal Activities?
Most patients return to normal routines within two weeks. Heavy lifting and strenuous exercise should be avoided until cleared by your surgeon. Voice rest and hydration can help if hoarseness occurs.
When Should I Seek Medical Attention?
Seek urgent care if you have difficulty breathing, rapidly increasing neck swelling, fever, or severe pain.